Lists which devices are currently attached to your computer
adb devices
Drops you into a basic linux command shell on your phone with no parameters, or lets you run commands directly
adb shell
Lets you install an Android application on your phone
adb install
Remounts your system in write mode – this lets you alter system files on your phone using ADB
adb remount
Rets you upload files to your phones filesystem
adb push
Lets you download files off your phones filesystem
adb pull
Starts dumping debugging information from your handset to the console – useful for debugging your apps
adb logcat